中小企业 (SME) 在泰国经济中扮演着重要角色。了解中小企业类型对创业者、投资者以及对开办企业感兴趣的人来说是有益处的。这些信息可以用来选择契合目标的业务模式、规划运营，以及提高获取资金或支持项目的机会。

本文将介绍中小企业，包括泰国的中小企业类型、中小企业对泰国经济的重要性，以及可用的资金来源和支持组织。我们还介绍了适用于不同企业规模的支付解决方案，以便创业者可以将这些知识应用于业务运营，管理支付和促进业务扩展。

本文内容

• 什么是中小企业 (SME)？
  
• 泰国中小企业类型
  
• 中小企业对泰国经济的重要性
  
• 中小企业的资金来源和支持组织
  
• 中小企业支付解决方案
  
• Stripe Payments 如何提供帮助
  

什么是中小企业 (SME)？

中小企业是由个人创业者经营的中小型企业。它们拥有独立的管理层，不属于更大的企业集团。中小企业通常拥有中等收入、资产以及少量员工。它们的投资额有限。

泰国中小企业类型

2000 年，《中小企业促进法》（佛历 2543 年）将泰国中小企业划分为三类。分类依据为劳动力规模、收入及业务类型，例如制造业、批发业、零售业或服务业：

• 微型中小企业：这是最小的业务类型。这些企业通常是家族企业或个体经营企业，员工人数不超过五人。示例包括线上零售商店、自由职业服务、咖啡馆、自助洗衣店、美容院和家电维修店。
  
• 小型中小企业：这些企业通常由个体所有者或少数合伙人经营，管理简单，员工不超过 30 至 50 人。企业示例包括大型餐厅、美容诊所、牙科诊所、细分市场产品的进出口企业，以及生产珠宝、服装、水疗产品或陶瓷等产品的小型工厂。
  
• 中型中小企业：这类企业通常为法人企业，拥有符合标准的规范化组织架构与管理流程。他们雇佣的员工不超过 100 到 200 人。中型企业的示例包括家具制造商、印刷和包装企业、软件企业、数字营销公司，以及食品加工或即食食品工厂。
  

中小企业对泰国经济的重要性

泰国中小企业对整体经济至关重要。这类企业占全国企业总数的 99% 以上，雇佣了超过 70% 的劳动力。中小企业创造的经济价值约占泰国国内生产总值 (GDP) 的 35% 至 40%。

中小企业的增长直接影响就业创造和经济稳定。分布在全国各地的大量中小企业也有助于将收入和发展分配到地方层面。因此，中小企业的成功是整体经济发展和减少资源不平等的关键机制，而资源往往集中在大城市。

Funding sources and support organizations for SMEs

Currently, both the government and private sector have funding sources and support organizations for entrepreneurs, investors, and those interested in starting an SME in Thailand.

Funding sources for SMEs

• Personal assets and partners
  Entrepreneurs can use personal funds or raise capital from partners and investors. These include private equity or venture capital (VC) companies that focus on investing in businesses with high growth potential. This can help reduce SME debt burdens in exchange for shares of the company.
  
• Low-interest loans
  Low-interest loans for SMEs have interest rates lower than standard market loans to help improve business liquidity. They also have flexible conditions, such as not requiring collateral and offering extended repayment terms and grace periods.
  
• Microfinance loans
  Loans for people with low or irregular income—such as vendors, online shop owners, or freelancers—have a maximum loan amount of up to ฿100,000 per person. No collateral is required, but the interest rate is higher than regular loans.
  
• Online loans
  Entrepreneurs can apply for a loan through an application or website run by a financial institution licensed by the Ministry of Finance. These loans include those that use online sales for credit assessment and peer-to-peer (P2P) lending. It is also possible for SMEs and investors to borrow from each other through online platforms, without going through financial institutions.
  
• Other loans
  Thai financial institutions offer a variety of business loans for SMEs, such as working capital loans, business expansion loans, and factoring loans, among others.
  
• Financial support and grants
  Financial aid includes funds provided by the government or various organizations to entrepreneurs without the need for repayment. This can support SMEs in various areas, such as market expansion, technology development, research and development (R&D), and financial support during economic crises.
  

Fundraising and crowdfunding

For SMEs with high growth potential, raising capital through crowdfunding is an attractive option and can be divided into several types:

• Donation-based crowdfunding
  Sponsors provide money without expecting returns. This type is pure funding from donations for volunteer projects and corporate social responsibility (CSR), not direct business expansion for profit.
  
• Reward crowdfunding
  Supporters receive rewards—such as early product gifts, souvenirs, or special privileges—in exchange for nonequity or nondebt financial contributions.
  
• Equity-based crowdfunding
  This type involves raising funds by issuing bonds or promissory notes with repayment plus interest. Supporters receive rights to shares or profits in return. This is suitable for SMEs with high growth potential that need a large amount of capital.
  
• Debt-based crowdfunding
  Sponsors receive shares, portions of business revenue, or partial ownership rights. This is suitable for SMEs that need short-term working capital. The principle is similar to borrowing money, but the difference is that the loan comes from many people instead of a bank.
  

Support organizations for SMEs

The Office of SMEs Promotion (OSMEP)

OSMEP is a hub that promotes Thai SMEs and helps them access support from government and private sectors. The organization also helps SMEs access funding and provides advice about which projects are suitable for businesses. There are training programs and knowledge-sharing opportunities in organizational development, business, marketing, technology, digital transformation, productivity enhancement, and more.

SME Development Bank of Thailand (SME D Bank)

SME D Bank provides comprehensive financial services that cover enterprises in manufacturing, services, and wholesale-retail sectors. The bank provides assistance with the following:

• Finances: The bank provides SME loans for the establishment, operation, expansion, or improvement of businesses, in accordance with the Development Bank of Thailand Act B.E. 2545 (2002). It can also assist with debt restructuring and allow deferral of principal payments.
  
• Business management: The bank provides consulting services in accounting, finance, taxation, marketing, manufacturing, technology, and innovation.
  
• Digital tools: There are digital platforms for entrepreneurs, such as Business Health Check, e-learning, and Market Matching, among others.
  

Thai SME Fund

The Thai SME fund supports local and small-scale SMEs with the following:

• Low-interest loans: These can help increase liquidity or expand the business with low interest rates, such as 1% during the promotion period.
  
• Access to funding sources: The fund expands channels for SMEs to access funding more easily, such as by adjusting criteria and making it easier to apply for loans online.
  
• Enhancements to business potential: The fund supports the enhancement of business capabilities, such as investing in machinery, improving production systems, raising business standards, and helping SMEs increase their exports.
  
• Emergency assistance: The fund assists SMEs affected during financial crises by allowing them to defer debt payments and providing specific programs to support businesses with financial burdens.
  

Department of Business Development (DBD)

The DBD can help with business registration and help SMEs grow and develop in line with the digital era and increasing competition. The DBD provides training and information on digital marketing, brand modernization, and point-of-sale (POS) systems. It can also help connect SMEs to ecommerce platforms and expand business opportunities to international markets.

National Innovation Agency (NIA)

The NIA supports SMEs with overall improvements, including the following:

• Market expansion and network building: The agency helps connect SMEs with various networks, both domestic and international. This can help expand business opportunities, including entering foreign markets and expanding into regional markets.
  
• Intellectual property (IP) development: SMEs can participate in IP programs. The NIA—in collaboration with the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)—provides free consultations on effectively managing IP.
  
• Promotion of national connections: The NIA plays a key role in creating a system connecting startups with the public and private sectors. 
  

Institute for the Development of SMEs (ISMED)

ISMED helps promote and develop the capabilities of SMEs for stable and sustainable growth. They offer the following services:

• Consulting and training: ISMED provides consulting on business improvement, marketing, and investment and conducts training in various formats to help businesses survive and grow.
  
• Research and data collection: The organization researches SMEs and gathers useful information to share with entrepreneurs that can be used to develop their businesses.
  
• Network creation: ISMED helps connect businesses and foster collaboration within the private sector to provide mutual assistance and support.
  
• Promotion of creative improvements: The organization encourages entrepreneurs to improve by using creativity and new technologies in their business operations.
  
• Certification of professional standards: ISMED certifies standards and develops the professional skills of personnel who provide services to SME entrepreneurs. This includes business consultants, coaches, and evaluators. They are certified by ISMED as having the knowledge and skills that meet professional criteria.
  

Thai Credit Guarantee Corporation (TCG)

The TCG is a state organization that helps SMEs access funding by acting as a loan guarantor to reduce collateral requirements. This can increase the confidence of financial institutions in providing loans.

Industry-specific organizations

Joining organizations in specific industries is highly beneficial for SMEs. For example, the Thailand Textile Institute helps promote the textile and garment industry, while the National Food Institute supports the food and food processing industry with market expansion and value creation.

中小企业支付解决方案

选择符合中小企业规模需求的支付解决方案非常重要。这可以提升运营效率，降低管理成本，减少重复工作，并提高客户满意度。

泰国的中小企业根据规模和类型，通常有不同的支付系统需求：

• 微型中小企业：微型企业通常需要一个易于使用且安装和启动快速的支付系统，无需太多技术知识即可。同时，也应以低成本帮助企业在早期阶段减轻负担。
  
• 小型中小企业：小型企业需要一个支持多渠道的支付系统，既方便各类客户，又能实现有组织的交易管理。
  
• 中型中小企业：此类企业应寻找能够与会计或企业资源规划 (ERP) 系统集成的解决方案。这可以提供自动财务交易记录、电子账单、税收及收入的全面管理。
  

Stripe 提供满足各类泰国中小企业需求和运营的金融解决方案。这包括针对小型企业的解决方案，聚焦于易部署、高效率的支付方式。这也包括面向中型企业的解决方案，这类企业需要精准高效且功能全面的系统。这些解决方案可以帮助泰国中小企业获得收入并实现稳步增长。

Stripe Checkout 和 Stripe Payment Links 可以帮助小企业通过信用卡和借记卡、PromptPay，及数字钱包在几分钟内开始接受付款。中型企业的创业者可以使用 Stripe API，轻松对接会计或 ERP 系统。他们还可以使用 Stripe 管理平台，监控实时交易。这些解决方案有助于支持快速、便捷的电子账单开具，并帮助泰国中小企业更有效地将业务拓展至国际市场。

Stripe Payments 如何提供帮助

Stripe Payments 提供一体化的全球支付解决方案，能够助力各类企业——从成长型初创公司到全球性企业——在全球范围内接受线上、线下付款。

Stripe Payments 可帮您：

• 优化结账体验：通过预构建的支付用户界面、超过 125 种支付方式以及 Stripe 构建的数字钱包 Link，营造顺畅的客户体验，并节省数千工程小时。
  
• 更快拓展新市场：覆盖全球客户，并通过跨境支付选项降低多币种管理的复杂性和成本，服务覆盖 195 个国家/地区、支持 135 种以上货币。
  
• 统一线下与线上付款：整合线上与线下渠道，打造一体化商务体验，实现个性化互动、回馈忠实客户并增加收入。
  
• 优化支付性能：通过一系列可定制、易于配置的支付工具提升收入，包括无代码的欺诈保护功能与提高授权率的高级功能。
  
• 利用灵活、可靠的平台加速业务增长：选择一个专为随业务扩展而设计的平台，历史正常运行时间达 99.999%，可靠性在行业内首屈一指。
  

了解更多关于 Stripe Payments 如何为您的线上与线下付款提供支持的信息，或立即开始使用。